{
"request": {
"date_from": "",
"date_to": "",
"question": "what are the appropriate precautions for covid-19",
"section": null
},
"results": {
"docs": [
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-25",
"doc_score": "100.0",
"doi": "10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.013",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Journal Pre-proof Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 Title: Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 Authors and affiliations"
],
[
0,
"The overall management principles for patients presenting with COVID-19 who develop CV complications or who have pre-existing CVD are same as for any other patient without COVID-19."
],
[
0,
"However, there are a few important points that need consideration-1."
],
[
0,
"As caregivers, it is our utmost responsibility to protect ourselves from getting infected while managing these patients."
],
[
0,
"Therefore, all heath caregivers engaged in the care of COVID-19 patients must observe necessary precautions at all times."
],
[
0,
"All of them should be trained in donning, usage, and doffing of the personal protective equipment in accordance with the existing practice guidelines."
],
[
0,
"2."
],
[
0,
"The hospital systems need to ensure preparedness for dealing with large volume of COVID-19 patients, many of whom would need ICU care and/or acute cardiac care."
],
[
1,
"Appropriate protocols for rapid diagnosis, triage, isolation, and management of COVID-19 patients with CV complications should be developed and well-rehearsed."
],
[
0,
"Rapid triaging and management of these patients is crucial, not only to allow efficient utilization of healthcare resources but also to minimize exposure to caregivers."
],
[
1,
"There are already reports highlighting delays in delivering acute cardiac care due to extra precautions that need to be observed in view of COVID-19 (14) ."
],
[
0,
"Efforts should be made to minimize such delays."
],
[
0,
"3."
],
[
0,
"Strong emphasis should be placed on avoiding unwarranted diagnostic tests (e.g."
],
[
0,
"cardiac troponin, echocardiography, etc.)"
],
[
0,
"in these patients."
],
[
0,
"This is required to minimize unwarranted downstream diagnostic/therapeutic procedures which would further strain the already stretched healthcare resources and would also subject caregivers to added risk of exposure to the infection."
],
[
0,
"The American College of Cardiology has released an advisory discouraging random measurement of cardiac biomarkers such as troponins and natriuretic peptides (15) ."
],
[
0,
"It urges all the clinicians to reserve these assays for circumstances in which they would actually meaningfully add to the management of the patients with COVID-19."
],
[
0,
"The American Society of Echocardiography has also issued a similar advisory regarding the use of echocardiography in these patients (16)."
],
[
0,
"4."
],
[
0,
"The individual hospitals may also have to reconsider risk-benefit ratio of primary percutaneous intervention vs fibrinolysis in patients with COVID-19 who present with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction."
],
[
0,
"5."
],
[
0,
"There has been a concern regarding the safety of ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."
],
[
0,
"These agents upregulate expression of ACE2 in various tissues, including on cardiomyocytes (17) ."
],
[
0,
"Since SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 to gain entry into human cells, there is a potentially increased risk of developing COVID-19 or developing more severe disease in patients who are already on background treatment with ACEi/ARB."
],
[
0,
"However, to date, no experimental or clinical data have emerged to support these concerns."
],
[
0,
"At the same time, the risks of discontinuing these therapies are well known."
],
[
0,
"Therefore, several leading professional societies have strongly urged to not discontinue clinically-indicated ACEi/ARB therapy in the event the patient develops COVID-19 (18, 19) ."
],
[
0,
"6."
],
[
0,
"Clinicians caring for these patients also need to be fully aware of the potential CV side-effects of various therapies used for treating the viral infection."
],
[
0,
"Additionally, various anti-retroviral drugs have significant interactions with cardiac drugs, which need to be considered and appropriate dose modification done."
],
[
0,
"More recently, chloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine have been proposed as potential therapeutic options, based on preliminary evidence (20)."
],
[
0,
"Both these drugs are known to prolong QT interval and due caution must be exercised when prescribing these agents."
],
[
0,
"Their combination is best avoided and even when using chloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine alone, daily electrocardiogram for monitoring QT interval is warranted, esp."
],
[
0,
"in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction and in those receiving another drug with potential to prolong QT interval."
]
],
"title": "Journal Pre-proof Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 Title: Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 Authors and affiliations"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-02-19",
"doc_score": "89.0415405843864",
"doi": "10.1016/j.jacr.2020.02.008",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": "32092296",
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: What the Department of Radiology Should Know"
],
[
0,
"As of March 4, 2020, for providers, the World Health Organization recommends respiratory protection with use of a standard medical mask, unless aerosol-generating procedures are performed."
],
[
0,
"[20, 21] ."
],
[
1,
"Additional guidelines from The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend airborne precautions and the use of a N95 mask or higher when in close contact with patients that have confirmed or are under investigation for for COVID-19."
],
[
0,
"In addition, the droplet precaution instruction recommends appropriate personal protective equipment, including a disposable isolation gown with fluid-resistant characteristics, a pair of disposable gloves with coverage over gown cuffs, eye protection with goggles, and probably a face mask over goggles [22] ."
],
[
0,
"In a study of 254 medical staff members who had been exposed to SARS coronavirus, the risk for virus transmission was significantly reduced by using droplet and contact precautions [23] ."
]
],
"title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: What the Department of Radiology Should Know"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-17",
"doc_score": "87.97464518262233",
"doi": "10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x",
"pmcid": "PMC7079521",
"pmid": "32183901",
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"To date, no specific antiviral treatment has been confirmed to be effective against COVID-19."
],
[
1,
"Regarding patients infected with COVID-19, it has been recommended to apply appropriate symptomatic treatment and supportive care [3, 16] ."
],
[
0,
"There are six clinical trials registered in both the International Clinical Trials Registry platform and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry to evaluate the efficacy or safety of targeted medicine in the treatment or prognosis of COVID-19 (Additional file 2) [51, 52] ."
],
[
0,
"Regarding infected patients with COVID-19, it has been recommended to apply appropriate symptomatic treatment and supportive care [3, 16] ."
],
[
0,
"Studies have also explored the prevention of nosocomial infection and psychological health issues associated with COVID-19."
],
[
0,
"A series of measures have been suggested to reduce nosocomial infection, including knowledge training for prevention and control, isolation, disinfection, classified protections at different degrees in infection areas, and protection of confirmed cases [18, 50, 53] ."
],
[
0,
"Concerning psychological health, some suggested psychological intervention for confirmed cases, suspected cases, and medical staff [18, 54] ."
],
[
0,
"For the general population, at this moment there is no vaccine preventing COVID-19."
],
[
0,
"The best prevention is to avoid being exposed to the virus [55] ."
],
[
0,
"Airborne precautions and other protective measures have been discussed and proposed for prevention."
],
[
0,
"Infection preventive and control (IPC) measures that may reduce the risk of exposure include the following: use of face masks; covering coughs and sneezes with tissues that are then safely disposed of (or, if no tissues are available, use a flexed elbow to cover the cough or sneeze); regular hand washing with soap or disinfection with hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol (if soap and water are not available); avoidance of contact with infected people and maintaining an appropriate distance as much as possible; and refraining from touching eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands [3] ."
]
],
"title": ""
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-24",
"doc_score": "86.00550853639217",
"doi": "10.1016/j.ajem.2020.03.036",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
1,
"Journal Pre-proof Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians Title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Primer for Emergency Physicians"
],
[
0,
"Emergency medical services (EMS) directors and public health authorities working in conjunction with the CDC will need to modify emergency preparedness strategies to address COVID-19."
],
[
0,
"68 Emergency medical dispatchers should consider whether callers describing risk factors and symptoms concerning for COVID-19 should be identified as a potential PUI."
],
[
0,
"30, 68 If so, EMS personnel arriving on-scene as well as HCP at the receiving hospital should be notified immediately to ensure proper personal protective equipment (PPE) use and confirm that appropriate isolation facilities are available."
],
[
0,
"30, 68 Once contact is made with the patient, initial triage and assessment should be done at least 6 feet away and minimized until the PUI dons a facemask."
],
[
0,
"68 In addition to limiting the number of EMS personnel in the patient compartment, personnel providing any direct patient care should follow standard, droplet (surgical mask), and contact precautions (gown and gloves) while wearing eye protection (face shield or goggles)."
],
[
0,
"68 Airborne precautions (N95 respirator) should be employed if the patient is critically ill and/or if an aerosolgenerating procedure is anticipated during transport."
],
[
0,
"Ideally, transport vehicles with isolated compartments or high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration should be used and if coordinated with the receiving healthcare facility, transportation of the patient directly into an isolation room."
],
[
0,
"68 After the patient has been transported and EMS documentation is being completed, patient compartment doors should be left open to allow proper ventilation."
],
[
0,
"68 When cleaning the vehicle, disposable gown, gloves, surgical mask, and face shield should be worn."
],
[
0,
"68 Routine cleaning should be followed by application of a hospital- Personnel cleaning empty PUI rooms should follow droplet, contact, and standard precautions with eye protection as infectious particles may be present."
],
[
0,
"63 It is unclear how long SARS-CoV-2 remains in the air, but drawing parallels from other airborne disease such as tuberculosis can be helpful, particularly if an aerosol-generating procedure has been performed."
],
[
0,
"63 Frequently used surfaces should be cleaned at least twice daily with implementation of standard institutional cleaning procedures."
],
[
0,
"71"
]
],
"title": "Journal Pre-proof Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians Title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Primer for Emergency Physicians"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-19",
"doc_score": "84.75807041546437",
"doi": "10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.017",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Journal Pre-proof Hand hygiene and the novel coronavirus pandemic: The role of healthcare workers Hand hygiene and the novel coronavirus pandemic: the role of healthcare workers"
],
[
0,
"The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019 has now spread to 113 countries and territories outside of China (1, 2)."
],
[
0,
"SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus that infects humans and the disease presents mostly with fever, cough, and dyspnea (3) ."
],
[
0,
"Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the front-line of COVID-19 outbreak, and their constant exposure to infected patients and contaminated surfaces can put them at risk for acquiring and transmitting the infection (4)."
],
[
0,
"SARS-CoV-2 appears to be transmitted person-to-person through respiratory droplets and close contact, as previously seen in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the two other zoonotic coronaviruses."
],
[
0,
"In healthcare settings, this highlights the necessity of practicing respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene, and using appropriate personal protective equipment (5, 6) ."
],
[
1,
"Additional airborne precautions such as N95 masking should be used by HCWs during aerosolgenerating procedures when caring for COVID-19 patients (6) ."
],
[
0,
"The World Health Organization (WHO) has strongly recommended HCWs to ask patients to cover their nose and mouth with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing, to provide masks for patients who are suspected for COVID-19, and perform appropriate hand hygiene (6) ."
]
],
"title": "Journal Pre-proof Hand hygiene and the novel coronavirus pandemic: The role of healthcare workers Hand hygiene and the novel coronavirus pandemic: the role of healthcare workers"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-21",
"doc_score": "80.4087176831208",
"doi": "10.1016/j.jcct.2020.03.002",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Journal Pre-proof Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidance for Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidance for Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic"
],
[
0,
"• Ensure proper use of personal protection equipment (PPE)."
],
[
1,
"Healthcare personnel including technologists, radiologists and cardiac imagers who come in close contact with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 should wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (5, 6) ."
],
[
0,
"Patients should wear a surgical mask during imaging to ensure standard droplet precautions."
],
[
0,
"• Appropriate environmental cleaning and decontamination of rooms by thorough cleaning of the surfaces by a staff member with appropriate PPE as per CDC and local institutional guidelines for airborne viral diseases (7)."
]
],
"title": "Journal Pre-proof Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidance for Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidance for Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-24",
"doc_score": "77.9372249232638",
"doi": "10.1016/j.ajem.2020.03.036",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Journal Pre-proof Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians Title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Primer for Emergency Physicians"
],
[
0,
"Risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease include advanced age, chronic medical conditions, immunocompromise, and cancer."
],
[
0,
"46 Data regarding pregnancy and COVID-19 are limited."
],
[
0,
"47 Pregnant women and fetuses may be more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection compared to the general population."
],
[
0,
"48 There are case reports of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 complicated by adverse outcomes including preterm birth."
],
[
0,
"47 Historically, infants born to mothers with other coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV have been small for gestational age or preterm."
],
[
0,
"47 Newborn infants are also an at-risk population."
],
[
0,
"48 Occupational exposure to pathogens is an inherent risk of working in healthcare settings."
],
[
0,
"49 During the 2003 SARS outbreak, 9% of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Toronto, Canada participating in endotracheal intubation of infected patients became infected themselves."
],
[
0,
"50 In another study, 77% of SARS patients in Toronto had ties to the hospital setting, and 51% of cases were HCPs."
],
[
0,
"51 During the H1N1 influenza pandemic, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f HCPs were significantly more likely to develop infection (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, 95% CI 1.73-2.51) with a pooled prevalence of 6.3%."
],
[
1,
"52 As COVID-19 has disproportionately affected HCPs, emergency physicians must be vigilant about potential exposure risks and adhere to appropriate infection prevention precautions."
],
[
0,
"53, 54 In Italy, anywhere from 8-30%"
]
],
"title": "Journal Pre-proof Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians Title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Primer for Emergency Physicians"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-24",
"doc_score": "73.52703082865894",
"doi": "10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.011",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Journal Pre-proof The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department The Battle Against Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department"
],
[
0,
"Data gathering includes dissemination of up-to-date case definitions and information about confirmatory tests to all staff with direct patient contact to allow appropriate barrier precautions to be taken."
],
[
0,
"All typical and atypical imaging features of the disease should be made known to all radiologists to assist in recognition of the disease on images and to allow accurate reporting of these findings."
],
[
0,
"We have stored images of all probable cases of COVID-19 in the PACS so that these images were readily available for any radiologist to review, and images from previous imaging studies are also available for comparison."
],
[
0,
"Our diagnostic process is limited as chest CT along is not diagnostic of COVID-19 because of lack of imaging specificity."
],
[
0,
"But when combined with other epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and virus nucleic acid information, typical chest CT imaging findings are helpful for making the diagnosis."
],
[
0,
"In our opinion, the major role of chest CT is to understand the extent and dynamic evolution of lung lesions induced by COVID-19."
],
[
0,
"The reasons why we adopted the low-dose chest CT scan protocol are as follows: low-dose chest CT has been widely used in the screening of early lung cancer."
],
[
0,
"It is well known that many early lung cancers are ground-glass opacities (GGO), so we believe that low-dose screening is also applicable for COVID-19."
],
[
0,
"In addition, considering the rapid development of COVID-19, many CT examinations may be conducted in the same individual to monitor disease progress."
],
[
0,
"Low-dose scanning can reduce the radiation damage to patients."
]
],
"title": "Journal Pre-proof The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department The Battle Against Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-11",
"doc_score": "73.17781687565079",
"doi": "10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.002",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Since it was first described in December 2019, more than seventy thousand cases of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been confirmed, beyond two thousand patients of which were fatal."
],
[
0,
"[1] [2] [3] [4] So far, the infection keeps spreading, and more and more exported cases were confirmed in other provinces in China, and other countries."
],
[
0,
"Indicating that the disease is a serious threat to global health."
],
[
1,
"5, 6 The management of patients with COVID-19 consists of a combination of supportive measures, antimicrobial therapy for any associated bacterial or viral infections, and strict implementation of appropriate infection control precautions."
],
[
0,
"[1] [2] [3] [4] The number of this disease is still multiplying, and effective antiviral treatment is therefore required urgently."
],
[
0,
"5, 6 It has been hypothesized that the immunopathological response was triggered by the viral antigen; the most strategic treatment was, therefore, to stop the viral replication at the beginning so that the peak viral load and the subsequent immunopathological damage will be minimised."
],
[
0,
"7 We report the findings of Results and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 that compare a combination of arbidol and lopinavir/ritonavir(LPV/r) against LPV/r only."
],
[
0,
"Placebo-controlled studies are difficult to perform in an epidemic of such a lifethreatening condition."
],
[
0,
"7"
]
],
"title": ""
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-11",
"doc_score": "70.02288605004333",
"doi": "10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.002",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Arbidol combined with LPV/r versus LPV/r alone against Corona Virus Disease 2019：a retrospective cohort study"
],
[
0,
"Since it was first described in December 2019, more than seventy thousand cases of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)have been confirmed，beyond two thousand patients of which were fatal [1] [2] [3] [4] ."
],
[
0,
"So far, the infection keeps spreading, and more and more exported cases were confirmed in other provinces in China, and other countries."
],
[
0,
"Indicating that the disease is a serious threat to global health [5, 6] ."
],
[
1,
"The management of patients with COVID-19 consists of a combination of supportive measures, antimicrobial therapy for any associated bacterial or viral infections, and strict implementation of appropriate infection control precautions [1] [2] [3] [4] ."
]
],
"title": "Arbidol combined with LPV/r versus LPV/r alone against Corona Virus Disease 2019：a retrospective cohort study"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-03",
"doc_score": "68.1560740830845",
"doi": "10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100289",
"pmcid": "PMC7057189",
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Substandard implementation of appropriate infection prevention and control measures could influence COVID-19 global spread."
],
[
1,
"These include early recognition, source control and additional precautions at point-of-care for persons under investigation or with confirmed COVID-19."
],
[
0,
"Healthcare workers are at increased risk; Dr. Li Wenliang, a Chinese ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital who was one of the first to warn the public about COVID-19 on 30 December 2019 (and was later detained for doing so), died from the virus at aged 33 on February 7, 2020."
],
[
0,
"More than 1,700 health care workers have been infected so far, with 6 fatalities."
]
],
"title": ""
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-03",
"doc_score": "68.1560740830845",
"doi": "10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100289",
"pmcid": "PMC7057189",
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Substandard implementation of appropriate infection prevention and control measures could influence COVID-19 global spread."
],
[
1,
"These include early recognition, source control and additional precautions at point-of-care for persons under investigation or with confirmed COVID-19."
],
[
0,
"Healthcare workers are at increased risk; Dr. Li Wenliang, a Chinese ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital who was one of the first to warn the public about COVID-19 on 30 December 2019 (and was later detained for doing so), died from the virus at aged 33 on February 7, 2020."
],
[
0,
"More than 1,700 health care workers have been infected so far, with 6 fatalities."
]
],
"title": ""
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-24",
"doc_score": "67.32977272375764",
"doi": "10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.011",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Journal Pre-proof The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department The Battle Against Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department"
],
[
0,
"How radiology departments respond to any infectious disease outbreak is determined primarily by the estimated risk of cross-infection to the staff and other patients."
],
[
0,
"Appropriate precautions taken only by staff in direct contact with patients may be adequate when the risk is low."
],
[
0,
"The strongest measures need to be implemented to limit the spread of the disease when the risk is high."
],
[
0,
"With severe infectious diseases such as COVID-19, the highest level of infection control measures must be implemented; these include providing adequate standard protective equipment, training staff, and instituting proper emergency plans."
]
],
"title": "Journal Pre-proof The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department The Battle Against Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-14",
"doc_score": "61.605919356665815",
"doi": "10.1016/j.arbr.2020.02.003",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"ARTICLE IN PRESS G Model Arch Bronconeumol."
],
[
0,
"It is essential that all persons with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 adhere to basic prevention measures (cough etiquette and hand hygiene)."
],
[
0,
"Since the detection of biological agents is not easy during health care, and it is initially difficult to establish specific preventive measures, the \"Principle of Preventive Action\" should be applied."
],
[
0,
"Visual alerts should be posted at the entrance to health centers and in strategic locations inside, with instructions on hand hygiene and cough etiquette in the appropriate languages."
],
[
0,
"These measures include isolation in a private room, restricted access and surgical mask."
],
[
0,
"In addition to standard precautions, visitors should adopt measures against contact and droplets before entering the room of suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 12 ."
]
],
"title": "ARTICLE IN PRESS G Model Arch Bronconeumol. 2020;xxx(xx):xxx-xxx"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-02-27",
"doc_score": "60.244172208434854",
"doi": "10.1016/j.bja.2020.02.008",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": "32115186",
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Outbreak of a new coronavirus: what anaesthetists should know Advance Access Publication Date: xxx Editorial"
],
[
0,
"During the SARS outbreak, 21% of the infected individuals globally were healthcare workers."
],
[
0,
"15 In Canada, a final count of 251 cases of SARS was confirmed; 43% of them were healthcare workers, the majority were from Toronto."
],
[
0,
"15 Concerns were raised about infections in healthcare workers despite apparently appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)."
],
[
0,
"Analysis of this experience uncovered several important lessons."
],
[
0,
"19 First, the protection of healthcare workers is not just about PPE; it encompasses all principles of infection prevention and control."
],
[
0,
"20 Whilst the initial focus for protecting anaesthesiologists or personnel involved in aerosol-generating medical procedures (tracheal intubation, non-invasive ventilation, tracheotomy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, manual ventilation before intubation, and bronchoscopy) was on the need for more stringent PPE, such as powered air-purifying respirators or double gloves during the SARS outbreak, further investigation did not support a risk of transmission with tracheal intubation if appropriate precautions and more standard PPE were used."
],
[
0,
"21 22 In areas, such as the emergency department or ICU where SARS patients were managed, there were 'uncontrolled situations characterized by multiple opportunities for extensive contamination and staff exposure prior to the intubation event'."
],
[
0,
"21 Healthcare workers were exposed to risk of infection before PPE was used."
],
[
0,
"It reflects the importance of triage, early recognition, and prompt isolation for suspected cases of infected patients."
],
[
0,
"20 Second, a post-SARS investigation interviewing healthcare workers involved in the intubation of SARS patients in Toronto highlighted non-compliance or sub-optimal adherence to the use of PPE."
],
[
0,
"23 Although much is unknown about the 2019-nCoV, it is believed to spread from person to person amongst close contact via respiratory droplets and contact transmission."
],
[
0,
"Strict adherence to the use of PPE, including procedure mask, eye protection, gown, and gloves, is highly effective in limiting droplet and contact transmission."
],
[
0,
"21 The current WHO and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance for the protection of personnel during aerosol-generating medical procedures in patients with confirmed/suspected 2019-nCoV centres around principles of clear communication, minimising personnel in the room during the procedure, appropriate use of PPE, and avoidance of procedures that generate high amounts of aerosols."
],
[
0,
"Some considerations are provided as follows to help prepare for airway management of confirmed/suspected COVID-19 patients."
],
[
0,
"20 24 25 These suggestions are by no means comprehensive."
],
[
0,
"Hospitals should develop local plans for aerosolgenerating medical procedures in suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients using a collaborative approach that engages anaesthesiologists, intensivists, emergency medicine physicians, respiratory therapists, resuscitation team members, infection prevention and control, occupational health and safety specialists, and environmental services staff."
]
],
"title": "Outbreak of a new coronavirus: what anaesthetists should know Advance Access Publication Date: xxx Editorial"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-02-20",
"doc_score": "58.728221154067214",
"doi": "10.1016/j.accpm.2020.02.002",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": "32088344",
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Lack of clear knowledge of the mechanisms of COVID-19 transmission makes it difficult to develop evidence-based infection control protocols to prevent transmission to healthcare workers (HCW) and other patients."
],
[
0,
"Certainly, ICU HCW are at particularly high risk of nosocomial transmission because of potential exposure to aerosolised respiratory secretions during intubation, tracheal suctioning, bronchoscopy and respiratory circuit disconnection, as well as environmental contamination [15] [16] [17] [18] ."
],
[
0,
"Thus, it is currently prudent to assume higher precautionary measures in ICU than those currently recommended by the CDC (respiratory droplet and contact precautions)."
],
[
0,
"Suspected or confirmed cases should ideally be isolated in a negative pressure airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) with sufficient air changes (> 12/h) and personnel trained to use personal protective equipment (PPE) for airborne precautions."
],
[
0,
"All support and sanitary staff, often forgotten, should also receive appropriate PPE and infection control training, particularly as there may be a risk of faecal transmission [9] ."
],
[
0,
"If full airborne precautions are not possible due to limited facilities or overwhelming numbers of cases, other measures that may decrease risk of nosocomial transmission include cohorting of patients in dedicated wards, or physical separation, supported by disciplined use of PPE, universal contact and droplet precautions and adequate ward ventilation [15, [19] [20] [21] ."
],
[
0,
"Encouragingly, with strict PPE protocols combined with rigorous implementation, the reported risk of staff contracting SARS-CoV in one ICU was low, despite suboptimal physical space, ventilation and complete absence of AIIR facilities [22] ."
]
],
"title": ""
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-02-20",
"doc_score": "58.728221154067214",
"doi": "10.1016/j.accpm.2020.02.002",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": "32088344",
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Lack of clear knowledge of the mechanisms of COVID-19 transmission makes it difficult to develop evidence-based infection control protocols to prevent transmission to healthcare workers (HCW) and other patients."
],
[
0,
"Certainly, ICU HCW are at particularly high risk of nosocomial transmission because of potential exposure to aerosolised respiratory secretions during intubation, tracheal suctioning, bronchoscopy and respiratory circuit disconnection, as well as environmental contamination [15] [16] [17] [18] ."
],
[
0,
"Thus, it is currently prudent to assume higher precautionary measures in ICU than those currently recommended by the CDC (respiratory droplet and contact precautions)."
],
[
0,
"Suspected or confirmed cases should ideally be isolated in a negative pressure airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) with sufficient air changes (> 12/h) and personnel trained to use personal protective equipment (PPE) for airborne precautions."
],
[
0,
"All support and sanitary staff, often forgotten, should also receive appropriate PPE and infection control training, particularly as there may be a risk of faecal transmission [9] ."
],
[
0,
"If full airborne precautions are not possible due to limited facilities or overwhelming numbers of cases, other measures that may decrease risk of nosocomial transmission include cohorting of patients in dedicated wards, or physical separation, supported by disciplined use of PPE, universal contact and droplet precautions and adequate ward ventilation [15, [19] [20] [21] ."
],
[
0,
"Encouragingly, with strict PPE protocols combined with rigorous implementation, the reported risk of staff contracting SARS-CoV in one ICU was low, despite suboptimal physical space, ventilation and complete absence of AIIR facilities [22] ."
]
],
"title": ""
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-20",
"doc_score": "55.04793112197659",
"doi": "10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30121-1",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Planning and provision of ECMO services for severe ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic and other outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases Health-care Development"
],
[
0,
"Flowcharts for post-mortem management of patients with COVID-19 following ECMO decannulation should be considered."
],
[
0,
"Such flowcharts should include certification of death, notification of health authorities, and appropriate wrapping of the body."
],
[
0,
"The body handlers and the immediate family members should take infection control precautions."
]
],
"title": "Planning and provision of ECMO services for severe ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic and other outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases Health-care Development"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-21",
"doc_score": "51.43513926213703",
"doi": "10.1016/j.jcct.2020.03.002",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Journal Pre-proof Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidance for Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidance for Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic"
],
[
0,
"• Social distancing -keeping at least six feet (1.8 meters) between individuals in waiting rooms and work spaces as much as feasible."
],
[
0,
"• Encourage sick employees to stay home."
],
[
0,
"Personnel who develop respiratory symptoms (e.g., cough, shortness of breath) or unexplained fever should be instructed not to report to work."
],
[
0,
"• Ensure that your sick leave policies are flexible and consistent with public health guidance and that employees are aware of these policies."
],
[
0,
"Make contingency plans for increased absenteeism • Screen patients and visitors for symptoms of acute respiratory illness (e.g., fever, cough, difficulty breathing) or gastrointestinal symptoms and coronavirus exposure in the last 2 weeks before entering one's healthcare facility (4)."
],
[
0,
"• Ensure technologist and CCT imager hand hygiene best practices."
],
[
0,
"If soap and water are not readily available, use of a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol."
],
[
0,
"• Consider standard droplet precautions for patients and healthcare personnel as per institutional infection control protocols."
],
[
0,
"• Increase scheduling intervals or appointment times to allow adequate time to clean equipment as needed."
],
[
0,
"• Leverage telemedicine technologies and isolated workstations to allow for reading and interpretation, that allow for social distancing to limit staff exposure, when possible."
],
[
0,
"• Assign a team member to monitor and incorporate regular updates from the CDC and appropriate regional jurisdictions."
]
],
"title": "Journal Pre-proof Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidance for Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidance for Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic"
},
{
"doc_date": "2020-03-06",
"doc_score": "50.0",
"doi": "10.1101/2020.03.01.20029884",
"pmcid": null,
"pmid": null,
"section": null,
"sentences": [
[
0,
"Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease 2019 outside Hubei Province, China: an observational study utilizing crowdsourced data"
],
[
1,
"Additionally, as transmission between child to adult has been reported 16 , pediatric healthcare providers should take appropriate precautions when caring for a child with suspected COVID-19."
]
],
"title": "Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease 2019 outside Hubei Province, China: an observational study utilizing crowdsourced data"
}
],
"total": 20
}
}